A Journey Through Time: The History of the Model 311
The world of firearms is filled with iconic pieces, weapons that have carved their place in history through reliability, performance, and sheer enduring presence. Among these, the Stevens Model 311 Double Barrel 12 Gauge holds a special position, a shotgun that embodies the spirit of American craftsmanship and a history stretching back decades. It’s a firearm that has served countless hunters, shooters, and even homeowners, its reputation built on a foundation of simplicity and ruggedness. This article delves into the history, design, features, and legacy of the Stevens Model 311 Double Barrel 12 Gauge, exploring why it remains a respected and sought-after shotgun even today.
To understand the significance of the Stevens Model 311 Double Barrel 12 Gauge, we must first appreciate its origins. The Stevens Arms Company, founded in Chicopee Falls, Massachusetts, was a prominent name in the firearms industry. Their legacy began with a commitment to producing affordable, reliable firearms for the common man. This ethos became a cornerstone of the Stevens brand, influencing the design and construction of their shotguns.
The roots of the Stevens Model 311 Double Barrel 12 Gauge can be traced to earlier double-barrel models produced by the company. These earlier models laid the groundwork, providing the design and engineering that would evolve into the 311. The evolution of the Stevens double-barrel shotgun reflects a focus on continuous improvement, with each generation building upon the strengths of its predecessors while addressing areas for enhancement.
The actual production of the Stevens Model 311 Double Barrel 12 Gauge spanned over several decades, during which it gained immense popularity. This extended lifespan testifies to its robust design and its ability to meet the needs of a diverse user base. Throughout its production run, the Model 311 was offered in various configurations, catering to different shooting preferences and purposes. The variations in production included different stock styles, barrel lengths, choke configurations, and gauges. While the 12-gauge was, by far, the most common chambering, the 311 was also produced in other gauges, adding to its versatility and broadening its appeal. The fact that so many of these shotguns still exist and are in active use speaks to their quality.
What truly set the Stevens Model 311 Double Barrel 12 Gauge apart was its affordability and availability. This accessibility allowed a wide range of people to experience the joys of shooting and hunting. The price point, coupled with the firearm’s reliable performance, made it an attractive option for both seasoned sportsmen and those new to the world of shotguns. The enduring success was driven by several factors: the robust design, ease of operation, and availability of parts, leading to its widespread use and popularity.
Design and Engineering: Unveiling the Mechanics
The Stevens Model 311 Double Barrel 12 Gauge, at its core, is a classic example of a double-barrel shotgun. This design, characterized by two parallel barrels, is known for its simplicity, reliability, and the ability to deliver two rapid shots. The essence of the design relies on the fact that you have two separate barrels, each ready for a shot.
The operating principle hinges on a boxlock action, a common and time-tested design. The boxlock mechanism is known for its compact size and strength. The hammers and firing pins are contained within the receiver, simplifying the overall design. The smooth, efficient nature of the action contributed to the gun’s reputation for reliability and ease of use.
The receiver of the Stevens Model 311 Double Barrel 12 Gauge was typically made of steel, ensuring durability and the ability to withstand the pressures generated by firing shotshells. The barrels themselves were made of steel, often blued to protect against corrosion. The stock and fore-end, the wooden components of the shotgun, were made from wood, usually walnut or hardwood, contributing to both the aesthetic appeal and ergonomic function of the firearm.
The barrel lengths of the Stevens Model 311 Double Barrel 12 Gauge varied depending on the intended use. Shorter barrels were favored for hunting in dense brush or for close-quarters situations, while longer barrels were typically preferred for trap shooting or hunting birds at a distance. Choke configurations – the constriction at the muzzle end of the barrel – also played a significant role. This constriction pattern determined how tightly the shot pattern spread. Different chokes were selected according to the specific shooting requirement.
Additional features contributed to the overall functionality and safety of the Stevens Model 311 Double Barrel 12 Gauge. The extractors, for example, facilitated the removal of spent shells from the chambers, and the manual safety was important for the safe transport and storage of the shotgun. The triggers provided control over the firing of each barrel, allowing for quick and deliberate follow-up shots.
Variations and Sub-Models: Exploring the Options
Over the many years of production, the Stevens Model 311 Double Barrel 12 Gauge saw several variations emerge. One of the most notable changes was the style of the stock. Different stock shapes and profiles were offered, catering to varying preferences for comfort and aesthetics. The fore-end, the part of the stock located under the barrels, was also changed. There were variations in style, which influenced the handling and appearance of the gun.
While there weren’t a multitude of special models, certain grades and variations were produced. The exact markings and serial numbers of the Stevens Model 311 Double Barrel 12 Gauge also changed during the course of its production. These markings can be a valuable source of information for collectors, helping to date and identify specific examples. The evolution in these markings can also help to pinpoint the years the gun was produced.
Applications in Action: Versatile Uses of the Shotgun
The Stevens Model 311 Double Barrel 12 Gauge, because of its adaptability, proved suitable for a wide variety of purposes. It was a popular choice for hunting, suitable for taking down many species of game. The gauge and the flexibility offered by interchangeable chokes made it a solid hunting choice.
The shotgun also found applications in various target shooting disciplines. Though not as specialized as purpose-built target shotguns, the Model 311 could be used successfully in games like trap and skeet.
In certain scenarios, the Stevens Model 311 Double Barrel 12 Gauge could also be considered for home defense. Its simplicity, ease of use, and effectiveness at close range made it a potential option for protecting one’s property and family. Safety is always the prime concern with any firearm and it’s important to train with the gun.
The good value of the Stevens Model 311 Double Barrel 12 Gauge has made this shotgun a classic for generations.
Weighing the Scales: Pros and Cons
Like all firearms, the Stevens Model 311 Double Barrel 12 Gauge has its advantages and disadvantages. Understanding these points is critical for anyone considering owning or using one.
Advantages: The Stevens Model 311 Double Barrel 12 Gauge gained its reputation for reliability and durability. Its simple design translated to fewer parts that could fail, making it a sturdy and dependable choice. Maintenance and repair were straightforward. The gun was relatively easy to maintain, requiring only basic cleaning and lubrication. The abundance of spare parts makes it an easy gun to maintain. The Model 311 has long been available at an affordable price, and even now, good examples can often be found at reasonable prices. The versatility, a function of the wide variety of choke configurations and loads that the 12-gauge can take, makes it an adaptable weapon.
Disadvantages: The recoil, particularly with heavier loads, can be significant. The felt recoil can be uncomfortable for some shooters. The limited capacity is another consideration. With only two shots available without reloading, the Model 311 can be disadvantageous in situations where rapid follow-up shots are necessary. Compared to more modern and expensive shotguns, the Stevens Model 311 Double Barrel 12 Gauge may not have the same level of refinement in terms of fit, finish, and features. Due to its age, there’s a possibility of wear and tear. Thorough inspection is recommended before buying and using a used Model 311.
Preserving Your Shotgun: Maintenance and Care
Proper maintenance is essential to ensure the longevity and optimal performance of your Stevens Model 311 Double Barrel 12 Gauge. Regular cleaning prevents rust and corrosion. The gun should be cleaned after each use. Proper lubrication ensures the smooth function of the action. A light coating of oil on moving parts can make a significant difference.
When using a Stevens Model 311 Double Barrel 12 Gauge, you must always prioritize safety. Be sure of your target and what’s beyond. Always treat the firearm as if it were loaded. There are a few problems you can encounter with your firearm. Inspect the barrel condition, ensuring it is free of obstructions or damage.
Collecting and Valuation: The Value of Heritage
The Stevens Model 311 Double Barrel 12 Gauge has become a collector’s item for many enthusiasts. The value of these shotguns hinges on several factors. One of the main value drivers is the condition of the firearm. A well-preserved gun that’s in good working order is more valuable than one that shows extensive wear.
Rarity also influences value. Rare models or variations, such as those with unusual features or those produced in small numbers, will command a higher price. The original features of the shotgun are important, too. A gun that retains its original stock, finish, and parts is generally more desirable to collectors. The collecting trends for the Stevens Model 311 Double Barrel 12 Gauge are relatively stable, with demand remaining consistent. The Model 311 provides a great option for new collectors.
Comparing the Stevens Model 311 Double Barrel 12 Gauge to other shotguns on the market, its value proposition is different. Higher-end shotguns are more expensive. The Stevens Model 311 Double Barrel 12 Gauge offers collectors a chance to own a piece of history without breaking the bank.
A Lasting Impression: In Conclusion
The Stevens Model 311 Double Barrel 12 Gauge is more than just a shotgun; it is a tangible link to a simpler time, a symbol of American ingenuity, and a testament to the enduring appeal of well-crafted firearms. It’s a reliable, versatile, and accessible firearm. The model 311 has served generations of shooters and hunters. It’s a shotgun that continues to be appreciated for its simplicity, durability, and historical significance. For those who appreciate a classic American shotgun, the Stevens Model 311 Double Barrel 12 Gauge stands as a prime example of how good design and simple craftsmanship can stand the test of time.
