How To Refinish A Gun Stock: A Guide to Bringing Back the Beauty

Table of Contents

Getting Ready: Tools and Materials You’ll Need

The following list covers the essential tools and materials required for a successful gun stock refinishing project. Investing in quality products will make the process easier and result in a more durable finish.

Safety Glasses: Essential for protecting your eyes from dust, chemicals, and debris throughout the process.
Gloves: Nitrile or latex gloves are crucial for protecting your skin from harsh chemicals, such as paint strippers and solvents.
Sanding Blocks: Various sizes and shapes of sanding blocks provide flat and even surfaces for sanding, ensuring the wood is properly prepared.
Sandpaper: A range of grits is necessary for the progressive sanding process. Begin with coarser grits (e.g., eighty to one hundred twenty), moving through medium grits (e.g., one hundred fifty to two hundred twenty), and finishing with fine grits (e.g., three hundred twenty to four hundred) for a smooth surface.
Stripping Agent: The choice of stripping agent depends on the existing finish. Options include paint stripper gel, which is often preferred due to its ability to stay on the surface, and heat guns, both of which are designed to soften and remove the old finish.
Scrapers: Plastic or wood scrapers are essential for removing the softened finish after the stripping agent has done its work.
Putty Knife or Plastic Spatula: Used to apply wood filler, if needed.
Clean Rags: Lint-free cotton rags are ideal for wiping down surfaces, applying stains, and applying finishes.
Tack Cloth: A tack cloth is a specially treated cloth designed to remove fine dust particles from the wood surface before applying the finish.
Wood Filler: (Optional, but highly recommended) Use wood filler to address imperfections like dents, scratches, or small cracks that might be present in the gun stock.
Wood Conditioner: (Optional, but beneficial) Use wood conditioner before applying stain, especially on softer woods, to promote uniform stain absorption and prevent blotchiness.
Stain: Choose a stain based on the desired color and the type of wood. Oil-based and water-based stains each have unique characteristics, so select the one that is most suitable for your project.
Finish: The finish provides the protective layer. Consider finishes like Tru-Oil, polyurethane, or varnish. Tru-Oil is a popular choice for gun stocks. Other finishes offer excellent durability. Select one based on durability, ease of application, and the aesthetic outcome you desire.
Finish Applicator: The method for applying the finish can vary depending on the product used. This could be a brush, a clean rag, a foam applicator, or, if equipped and experienced, a spray gun.
Mineral Spirits or Appropriate Solvent: Necessary for cleaning tools and removing residue from the finish. Always use the solvent recommended by the manufacturer of your finish.
Masking Tape: Essential for protecting any metal parts of the firearm that you are not refinishing. This is often necessary on the butt plate, trigger guard, and any other metal fixtures.

Safety First: Your Well-being is Paramount

Safety should always be your top priority when refinishing a gun stock. The chemicals and tools used can be hazardous if not handled with care.

Ventilation: Work in a well-ventilated area. This is crucial to prevent the buildup of harmful fumes from the stripping agents, solvents, and finishes. If working indoors, open windows and doors, and consider using a fan to circulate the air.
Eye Protection: Always wear safety glasses to shield your eyes from any splashes, airborne particles, or debris.
Gloves: Always use gloves. This protects your skin from direct contact with chemicals that can cause irritation or be absorbed into the body.
Proper Disposal: Dispose of used chemicals and rags responsibly. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for disposal and adhere to any local regulations.
Fire Safety: Be extra cautious when working with flammable solvents and finishes. Keep them away from open flames, sparks, and other sources of ignition.
Respiratory Protection: If the ventilation in your work area is inadequate, consider wearing a respirator equipped with appropriate filters to protect yourself from inhaling harmful fumes.

Taking it Apart: Disassembly and Inspection

Before you begin any refinishing work, carefully disassemble the gun stock from the firearm. This will allow you to work on the stock without damaging other components.

Document Everything: Before taking anything apart, photograph the stock, noting the position and orientation of each screw, plate, and component. This will make reassembly significantly easier. You can even label each screw as you remove it to ensure you know exactly where it goes back.
Remove Screws and Components: Carefully remove all screws holding the stock to the receiver and the other parts (butt plate, trigger guard, etc.). Place the screws in a labeled container, or store them in a tray so they cannot be lost.
Inspect the Stock: Once the stock is separated, give it a thorough inspection. Note any existing damage such as deep scratches, cracks, or dents. These will be addressed during the preparation phase.

Removing the Old Finish: The Foundation for a Beautiful Restoration

Removing the old finish is the first step in restoring your gun stock. The choice of removal method will depend on the type of finish present.

Stripping with Chemicals: A Common and Effective Approach

Chemical stripping is a widely used and generally effective method for removing old finishes. This is typically the most common approach.

Apply the Stripper: Using the appropriate gloves and eye protection, apply the paint stripper gel liberally to the gun stock’s surface. Ensure complete coverage, and apply the stripper to all surfaces.
Dwell Time: Allow the stripper to dwell on the finish for the amount of time specified on the product’s instructions. This time varies from product to product, so always read the manufacturer’s guidelines. This period of time allows the chemical stripper to work and lift the old finish.
Scrape Away the Old Finish: After the specified dwell time, use a plastic or wood scraper to carefully remove the softened finish. Scrape in the direction of the wood grain to avoid scratching the surface. You might need to repeat this process several times to remove all traces of the old finish.
Clean the Surface: Once the finish is removed, clean the stock thoroughly with mineral spirits or the solvent recommended by the paint stripper’s manufacturer. This removes any remaining residue, allowing the wood to properly absorb the stain and finish.

Preparing the Wood: Smoothing the Surface

After the old finish is removed, the wood needs to be prepared to ensure a smooth, even, and beautiful final finish. This step involves sanding and may include filling any imperfections.

Sanding: Achieving a Smooth Surface

Sanding is essential for leveling the surface and preparing it for the stain and finish. Start with a coarser grit sandpaper and work your way to finer grits to achieve an impeccable surface.

Coarse Grit: Begin with a coarser grit sandpaper (e.g., eighty to one hundred twenty) to remove the remaining remnants of the old finish, and to address any larger imperfections such as scratches and dents. Use a sanding block to provide a flat and even sanding surface.
Medium Grit: Progress to a medium grit sandpaper (e.g., one hundred fifty to two hundred twenty) to smooth out any scratches left by the coarser grit. Be sure to sand with the grain of the wood.
Fine Grit: Move to a finer grit sandpaper (e.g., three hundred twenty to four hundred) for the final sanding stage. This will refine the surface and prepare it for the stain and finish. Again, sand with the grain.
Edges and Curves: Pay extra attention to the edges and curves of the stock. These areas can be more prone to sanding mistakes.

Filling Imperfections: Restoring and Protecting

If any deep scratches, dents, or small cracks are found, they must be filled to restore the original look and strengthen the stock’s integrity.

Applying Filler: Use a putty knife or plastic spatula to apply wood filler to the damaged areas. Press the filler firmly into the imperfections, and then wipe away the excess filler with the edge of the knife.
Drying: Allow the wood filler to dry completely, according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
Sanding: Once the filler is completely dry, sand the area smooth with the surrounding wood. Be very careful, so you do not remove too much filler.

The Wood Conditioner Option

Wood conditioner is an optional, but highly recommended step, particularly when working with softer woods. It helps to ensure that the stain is evenly absorbed and prevents blotchiness.

Applying the Conditioner: Apply the wood conditioner according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Usually, you will wipe it on the surface and then wipe away the excess.
Drying Time: Allow the conditioner to dry before applying the stain.

Staining the Wood: Adding Color and Character

Staining is the step where you can add color and character to your gun stock.

Choosing the Right Stain: Setting the Tone

Selecting the right stain is critical. The choice depends on the wood type and the desired aesthetic.

Wood Type: Choose a stain that is compatible with the type of wood in your gun stock. Some woods absorb stain more readily than others, while some might need a pre-stain conditioner.
Stain Types: Oil-based stains tend to be richer and offer more depth of color. Water-based stains are easier to clean up and have less odor. The choice is yours, but follow the manufacturer’s instructions on application.

Applying the Stain: Transforming the Appearance

Once you have chosen your stain, it’s time to apply it to the gun stock.

Application Methods: Use a clean, lint-free rag, a brush, or a foam applicator. Apply the stain evenly, following the grain of the wood. Work in manageable sections.
Removing Excess Stain: After applying the stain, wipe away the excess stain with a clean rag, following the manufacturer’s recommended dwell time. This is critical for achieving a uniform color.
Drying: Allow the stain to dry completely before applying the finish. Refer to the manufacturer’s instructions for drying times.

Applying the Finish: The Protective Layer

The finish is the final, critical layer that protects the wood and enhances its beauty. This is where you build a durable coating.

Choosing the Right Finish: Selecting a Barrier

The finish selection is crucial and will dictate both the visual aesthetic and the level of protection.

Finish Types: Various finish types are available, including Tru-Oil, polyurethane, varnish, and lacquer. Each has its own properties in terms of durability, appearance, and application. Tru-Oil is a popular choice for gun stocks because it’s easy to apply and provides a beautiful, traditional look. Polyurethane and varnish are exceptionally durable. Lacquer offers a high-gloss finish.
Considerations: Consider the desired look, the durability required, and the ease of application.
Test and Compare: Always test the finish on a scrap piece of wood before applying it to the actual gun stock.

The Art of Applying the Finish: Achieving a Professional Look

Application method varies depending on the chosen finish. Thin, even coats are essential for a beautiful finish.

Tru-Oil Method: Tru-Oil is frequently applied in thin coats. Apply thin coats with your finger, a rag, or a foam applicator, following the grain of the wood. Let each coat dry completely, and then lightly sand between coats with very fine grit sandpaper (e.g., four hundred) to remove any imperfections. Several coats (five to ten) are generally needed to build up a good protective layer.
Polyurethane/Varnish Method: Apply thin, even coats with a brush or spray gun, depending on the finish. Let each coat dry completely, lightly sanding between coats to remove any dust nibs or imperfections. Two to four coats are typically recommended.
Manufacturer Instructions: Always follow the manufacturer’s instructions for drying times and application techniques.

Allowing the Finish to Cure: The Final Touches

Proper curing is critical for the durability and final appearance of the finish.

Drying Time: Let the finish cure completely. This can take several days or even weeks, depending on the finish and the environmental conditions. Avoid handling the gun stock aggressively during the curing period.

Final Steps: Polishing and Reassembly

The final steps in your restoration include polishing, reassembly, and, perhaps, applying a protective wax.

Final Sanding: Adding the Final Shine

Optional, but desirable.

Polishing: You can use a very fine grit sandpaper (e.g., six hundred to one thousand) or polishing compound to achieve the final smooth finish.

Reassembling the Stock: The Final Touch

Reassembly: Carefully reassemble the stock to the firearm, using the original screws.
Tightening: Tighten the screws properly, but do not overtighten them.

Cleaning and Maintenance: Preserving Your Work

Regular cleaning and maintenance are essential to ensure your gun stock remains beautiful and protected.

Cleaning: Regularly clean the stock with a soft cloth to remove dust and dirt. Avoid harsh chemicals that can damage the finish.
Protective Wax: Apply a protective wax occasionally to add extra protection and enhance the shine.

Troubleshooting: Addressing Challenges

Sometimes, even with careful planning, things can go wrong. Here are common problems and their solutions.

Runs and Drips: These can occur if the finish is applied too thick. You can gently sand them off when dry and reapply the finish more thinly.
Uneven Color: This can result from uneven stain application or incorrect wood preparation. You might need to apply another coat of stain, but make sure to apply wood conditioner next time.
Dust Nib in the Finish: Lightly sand these off with fine grit sandpaper.
Not Achieving Desired Luster: Apply more coats of finish.

In Conclusion: Embracing the Restoration

Refinishing a gun stock is a rewarding experience that offers a tangible connection to your firearm. By following these steps, you can transform a worn, aged stock into a stunning work of art, ensuring the longevity and aesthetic appeal of your valuable possession.

The journey of refinishing a gun stock can be a source of immense satisfaction. It provides the opportunity to connect with the history of firearms, to enhance the appearance, and to preserve the value of your firearms.

Consider sharing the results with the online community, as well as with your network.

Further Resources:

Look for online resources.

Gun forums
YouTube channels with instructional videos.
Product reviews
Gunsmithing guides and manuals

By following these steps and with careful planning, you can successfully refinish your gun stock and take pride in the beautiful results of your efforts. Remember that patience and careful attention to detail are the keys to success. Enjoy the process and the satisfaction of bringing a classic firearm back to its former glory!