What is Brake Cleaner and What is it Used For?
Understanding Brake Cleaner
Brake cleaner is a volatile solvent specifically formulated to remove contaminants from brake systems. It’s designed to dissolve brake dust, oil, grease, and other debris that can compromise braking performance. The effectiveness of brake cleaner stems from its chemical makeup, which often includes ingredients like petroleum distillates, alcohols, and other solvents. These compounds are designed to cut through the tough grime that accumulates on brake components.
Types of Brake Cleaner
There are typically two main types of brake cleaner: chlorinated and non-chlorinated. Chlorinated brake cleaners, once widely used, contain chlorinated solvents like tetrachloroethylene. While highly effective, some chlorinated cleaners have raised environmental and health concerns. Non-chlorinated brake cleaners, often containing solvents like acetone or alcohols, are a common alternative. These are generally considered to be better environmentally and safer for human health.
Purpose of Brake Cleaner
The primary purpose of brake cleaner is to maintain the integrity and effectiveness of the braking system. Clean brakes ensure optimal stopping power and prevent premature wear on brake pads, rotors, and other components. Regular cleaning with brake cleaner can contribute to a longer lifespan for these critical parts and, importantly, enhance driving safety.
Safe Usage
It’s essential to emphasize safe usage practices when using brake cleaner. Always work in a well-ventilated area to avoid inhaling fumes. Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including gloves and eye protection. Read and adhere to the manufacturer’s instructions on the product label. Misuse can result in respiratory irritation, skin contact, and potentially more serious health consequences.
Understanding Plastic Parts in Vehicles
Types of Plastics
Modern vehicles incorporate a wide array of plastics in their construction, used for a multitude of purposes. These plastic components contribute to everything from aesthetics and aerodynamics to protection and functionality. When it comes to the braking system and its surrounding areas, plastics play a crucial role.
Several types of plastics are commonly utilized in automotive applications. Polypropylene (PP) is a robust plastic known for its flexibility and chemical resistance, making it suitable for certain housings and covers. Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) is another prevalent plastic, valued for its impact resistance and dimensional stability, which it used in things like trim pieces. Nylon is a strong and durable material often employed for parts where mechanical stress is present, such as certain connectors and clips. Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) finds its place in various areas due to its versatility and good chemical resistance, including some hoses and wiring insulation.
Location of Plastics in the Braking System
Plastic parts are present throughout and around the braking system. They can be found in brake lines, connectors, sensor housings, wheel speed sensors, and various trim pieces that cover or protect brake components. The plastic parts have a job, like protecting sensitive electrical connections from the elements or providing structural support for fluid reservoirs. The functionality of these plastic components is essential for the braking system’s overall efficiency and long-term reliability.
Plastic Chemical Resistance
It is important to know how different types of plastic react differently when exposed to chemicals. Some plastics are inherently more resistant to solvents like those found in brake cleaner. Other plastics are more vulnerable, making them prone to damage. This inherent variation in chemical resistance is a vital factor to consider when using brake cleaner near plastic parts.
The Effects of Brake Cleaner on Plastic
Chemical Reactions
The interaction between brake cleaner and plastic is complex, involving chemical reactions that can compromise the plastic’s integrity. Understanding these reactions is crucial to preventing damage.
Brake cleaner can cause plastic degradation through several mechanisms. Solvents in the brake cleaner can penetrate the plastic’s structure and weaken it. They may dissolve plastic polymers or cause them to swell or distort. The specific chemical reactions depend on the type of plastic and the chemical composition of the brake cleaner.
Consequences
The consequences of these chemical interactions can be varied. One common effect is cracking or brittleness. Plastic that was once flexible can become brittle and prone to breaking under stress. Another potential outcome is discoloration or fading. The plastic’s surface may lose its original color, appearing dull or blotchy. Swelling or distortion can also occur, leading to the plastic deforming or changing shape. In extreme cases, if the plastic is particularly vulnerable and the cleaner is especially potent, the plastic may even begin to melt or dissolve.
Severity Factors
Several factors influence the severity of damage to plastic parts. The type of plastic is a significant factor. Some plastics are more resistant to brake cleaner than others. The type of brake cleaner also plays a role, as some formulations are more aggressive than others. The length of exposure is crucial; prolonged contact with brake cleaner will inevitably increase the risk of damage. The concentration of the cleaner can influence the severity as well. More concentrated solutions tend to be more damaging. And finally, temperature matters; higher temperatures can accelerate the chemical reactions, worsening the effects.
Examples of Damage
Imagine a scenario where you’re cleaning a wheel speed sensor connector with brake cleaner. If the cleaner comes into contact with the plastic housing of the sensor for an extended period, the housing might become brittle and crack, causing the sensor to malfunction. Or perhaps you’re cleaning around a plastic brake fluid reservoir, and some of the cleaner drips onto the reservoir’s surface, causing discoloration and potentially leading to leaks over time. These examples highlight the importance of caution when using brake cleaner near plastic parts.
Identifying Vulnerable Plastic Parts
Identifying Vulnerable Components
Knowing which plastic parts are most susceptible to damage from brake cleaner can help you take the necessary precautions. It’s crucial to understand the location of these parts to protect them effectively.
Several parts are especially vulnerable to brake cleaner. Electrical connectors, which house sensitive wiring and connections, are often made of plastics that can be susceptible to the chemicals in brake cleaner. Brake fluid reservoirs, the plastic containers that hold brake fluid, are also at risk. ABS sensors and their housings, which help monitor wheel speed for ABS systems, are also areas of concern. Finally, plastic trim and covers located near the brakes, such as those protecting brake lines or calipers, are susceptible as well.
Visual Inspection
When working on your vehicle, take the time to examine the areas around the brakes. Look for visible plastic parts, particularly those that appear to be directly exposed. Note where plastic parts might be located near the brake components you are cleaning. Use your hands to carefully shield vulnerable parts before spraying anything on the surrounding area. Being proactive in identifying potential risks can minimize the chances of accidental damage.
Safe Usage Guidelines and Prevention
Precautions
Preventing damage to plastic parts is largely about employing safe usage guidelines. By following these precautions, you can still effectively clean brake components while minimizing the risks.
Before you use brake cleaner, it’s absolutely crucial to read the product label. Pay close attention to any warnings or cautions regarding contact with plastic. Be sure to work in a well-ventilated area to minimize exposure to harmful vapors. Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE). At a minimum, use gloves to protect your skin and safety glasses to protect your eyes from splashes and spray.
Protection Techniques
The best way to protect plastic parts is to avoid direct spraying. When possible, use a rag or towel soaked in brake cleaner to wipe down parts that are located close to the plastic. For example, if you need to clean a brake caliper, hold a rag soaked in cleaner directly against the caliper. If you must spray, make sure to shield any plastic components with a protective covering. You could use cardboard, plastic sheeting, or even foil to create a barrier between the spray and the vulnerable plastic parts. Once you are done spraying, be sure to wipe up any overspray immediately.
Proper Application
The correct application technique is essential. Spray the cleaner in short bursts rather than continuously. This will give you better control over where the cleaner goes. Avoid spraying directly into any electrical connectors or sensitive plastic components.
Alternatives to Brake Cleaner (When Applicable)
Alternative Cleaning Methods
While brake cleaner is the go-to solution for cleaning brake components, alternative cleaning methods can be preferable when you’re working near plastic parts. Knowing when to use these alternatives can help you avoid potential damage.
Soapy water can be effective for removing light dirt and grime from plastic parts. Mix a mild dish soap with water and use a sponge or soft brush to clean the surface. Specialized plastic cleaners, available at most auto parts stores, are specifically formulated to clean plastic surfaces without causing damage. They often contain mild detergents and solvents that won’t harm plastic. Isopropyl alcohol (rubbing alcohol) can be used to clean certain plastic parts. Test on a small, inconspicuous area first to ensure it doesn’t damage the plastic.
Situations for Alternatives
These alternatives are often better choices when you’re cleaning parts in close proximity to plastic. For example, if you’re cleaning a plastic engine cover that has some grease splatters, soapy water or a plastic cleaner would be a better choice than brake cleaner. If you’re dealing with an electrical connector, isopropyl alcohol may be a safe way to clean it.
What To Do If Brake Cleaner Has Damaged Plastic Parts
Damage Assessment
Even with the best precautions, accidents can happen. If you suspect that brake cleaner has damaged a plastic part, it’s essential to take appropriate action.
First, assess the extent of the damage. Look for cracks, discoloration, distortion, or any other signs of degradation. If the damage is minor, such as slight discoloration, you might be able to simply live with it, but you should keep an eye on that part to monitor for future damage.
Repair Options
For small cracks or minor surface imperfections, plastic repair kits can be used to patch or fill the damage. These kits usually come with an adhesive and a filler material that can be used to restore the plastic’s surface. In certain cases, an appropriate adhesive can be used to bond broken plastic parts back together. However, be sure the adhesive is compatible with the plastic type.
Severe Damage
If the damage is more severe, such as significant cracking, melting, or structural failure, you may need to replace the damaged part. Replacing a damaged component is often the best option, because degraded plastic parts can compromise the safety and function of the entire system. Seek professional assistance if the damage is extensive or if you are uncertain about how to proceed. A qualified mechanic can assess the damage and recommend the best course of action, whether it’s repair or replacement.
Conclusion
Brake cleaner is a valuable tool for maintaining your vehicle’s braking system. However, its effectiveness comes with a potential downside: the ability to damage plastic components. By understanding the risks and following safe usage guidelines, you can effectively clean your brakes without compromising the surrounding plastic parts. Remember to always read the product label, wear appropriate PPE, and avoid direct spraying on plastic. Consider alternative cleaning methods when appropriate, and be prepared to address any damage that may occur.
Ultimately, the key to working with brake cleaner is informed caution. Knowing the potential effects of brake cleaner on plastic is the first step. Protecting the integrity of your vehicle’s components is the next. Choose the right cleaning products for the job, and take the necessary steps to protect vulnerable plastic components. By being proactive and careful, you can keep your brakes clean and your vehicle in top condition. Make sure to always handle brake cleaner around plastic components with care.
