The Importance of a Clean Rifle
Why is it so important to dedicate time to cleaning a lever action rifle? The answer lies in the nature of firearms and the environment in which they operate. When a firearm is fired, the combustion of gunpowder leaves behind a variety of residues. These residues, including carbon, unburned powder, and metal particles, accumulate inside the barrel, in the action, and on various moving parts. Over time, these deposits can build up, hindering the rifle’s performance in several critical ways. They can cause friction, making the action sluggish and potentially leading to jams or failures to eject. They can also contribute to corrosion, as these residues can trap moisture and accelerate the rusting process. Finally, and perhaps most importantly, fouling in the barrel can negatively impact accuracy. As the bore becomes coated with deposits, it alters the bullet’s path, leading to inconsistent shot placement. Regular maintenance is therefore essential.
Beyond the immediate performance benefits, proper cleaning also contributes to the longevity of your rifle. Regular removal of fouling and application of protective lubricants can help prevent wear and tear on critical components. Rust, the silent killer of firearms, is kept at bay through diligent cleaning and preventative measures. Ultimately, cleaning a lever action rifle is an investment in preserving the functionality, accuracy, and overall value of your firearm for years to come.
Gathering Your Arsenal of Supplies
Before you begin the cleaning a lever action rifle process, you’ll need to gather the appropriate supplies. Investing in high-quality cleaning materials designed specifically for firearms is highly recommended. This ensures you’re using the right products that will effectively remove fouling and protect the various surfaces of your rifle. Here’s a comprehensive list of what you’ll need:
A crucial component is a cleaning rod. The size and type of cleaning rod are essential to ensure that your barrel doesn’t get damaged in the process. Choose a rod that is the correct caliber for your rifle. Make sure you choose a rod with a rotating handle, which allows the cleaning implement to follow the rifling of the barrel.
Next, you will need a bore brush. The brush should match the caliber of your rifle. A bore brush is a brush specifically designed to scrub the inside of the barrel, removing fouling and residue. You can choose either a brass brush or a nylon brush. The brass brush tends to be more abrasive and is useful for stubborn fouling, whereas the nylon brush is gentler and better suited for routine cleaning. Be mindful, however, to avoid using excessive force, which can harm your barrel’s internal surfaces.
Cleaning patches are indispensable. These small, rectangular pieces of absorbent cloth are used to wipe away debris and apply solvents and oils. Choose a size appropriate for your rifle’s bore. It’s a good idea to have an ample supply on hand, as you’ll use quite a few during the cleaning process.
Now we come to the crucial task of removing the fouling, which is aided by a good gun solvent or bore cleaner. These solvents are specifically formulated to dissolve the carbon, powder residue, and other contaminants that accumulate in the barrel. Choose a product recommended for your rifle’s caliber. Some solvents are designed for specific types of fouling, so read the label carefully.
Lubrication is next, and for that you need gun oil. Gun oil lubricates the moving parts and protects them from corrosion. A high-quality gun oil will provide a thin, protective film, preventing rust and reducing friction. Select a product that’s specifically designed for firearms.
Sometimes it is useful to use gun grease. For areas where friction is high, such as the bolt rails, a gun grease can be beneficial. Grease provides more durable lubrication than oil, but it’s important to apply it sparingly, as excessive grease can attract dirt and grime.
A cleaning mat is very helpful in this procedure. A dedicated cleaning mat provides a stable and protected work surface. It keeps your rifle from being damaged and it also prevents solvents and oils from damaging your work area.
You’ll also require rags or paper towels. They are used for wiping down surfaces and applying solvents or lubricants. Use them liberally throughout the cleaning process.
Safety is paramount, and therefore, you’ll want to wear eye protection. This simple step is a must, as it protects your eyes from splashing solvents and other debris.
Lastly, gloves are optional, but they can be useful. They’ll protect your hands from the solvents and oils and keep your hands clean.
Preparing Your Rifle: Safety First
Before you begin cleaning a lever action rifle, safety is absolutely paramount. Always prioritize safety at every stage of the process. The following safety precautions are non-negotiable:
The first step is to confirm that your rifle is unloaded. Remove the magazine (if applicable) and cycle the action several times to ensure that no ammunition remains in the chamber or the magazine. Visually inspect both the chamber and the magazine to confirm they are empty.
Always point the muzzle of the rifle in a safe direction. This means pointing it away from yourself and any other person. The safest direction is generally toward the ground, in an area where an accidental discharge would not cause harm or damage.
Work in a well-ventilated area. Cleaning solvents often contain volatile chemicals. A well-ventilated area will help minimize your exposure to these fumes.
Wear eye protection. This protects your eyes from splashes of cleaning solvents or small particles of debris.
Disassembly is not always necessary for a thorough cleaning of your lever action. However, consulting your rifle’s manual will help you decide what to do. Your manual will guide you on the level of disassembly recommended for your particular firearm. In some cases, you may only need to remove the bolt. In others, you might want to remove the lever or even the stock. Knowing the correct procedures for your rifle model ensures you do not inadvertently damage any components.
Cleaning the Bore: The Heart of Accuracy
The bore, or the inside of the barrel, is the most critical component of your rifle for accuracy. Proper bore cleaning is essential for maintaining optimal performance. Here’s a step-by-step guide for this crucial process:
Attach the appropriate-sized bore brush to your cleaning rod. Apply a generous amount of solvent or bore cleaner to the brush.
Insert the brush into the bore from the chamber end, if possible. This helps to protect the crown (the end of the barrel at the muzzle) from damage.
Push the brush through the bore completely, and then pull it back through. Do not reverse direction while the brush is in the bore, as this can damage the rifling.
Repeat this process multiple times, typically five to ten strokes. The goal is to thoroughly scrub the inside of the bore, dislodging any fouling and residue.
Remove the brush and attach a patch holder or jag to your cleaning rod. Using a patch holder or jag will help to maintain the proper fit of the patch to the bore.
Select a cleaning patch of the correct size. Apply some solvent to the patch, then push the patch through the bore. Continue pushing the patch through until it exits the muzzle.
Repeat this process with clean patches. Continue using clean patches until the patches come out clean. This indicates that the bore is free of fouling.
Switch to dry patches to remove any remaining solvent. This helps to prevent the build-up of oil and debris inside the bore.
After cleaning, take a final look through the bore to check for cleanliness. Look at the bore under good light, and look for any remaining fouling. If necessary, repeat the solvent and patch cleaning process.
Cleaning the Bolt and Action: Ensuring Smooth Operation
While the bore is crucial for accuracy, the action, including the bolt, is responsible for the smooth and reliable operation of your lever action rifle. Cleaning these parts is essential to prevent malfunctions.
If you have removed the bolt, this is the time to clean it. Using a solvent and a brush or rag, remove any carbon and debris from the bolt. Pay particular attention to the firing pin and extractor, as these components play critical roles in the firing and extraction of cartridges.
Next, focus on cleaning the action. Use a solvent and a brush or rag to clean the lever, receiver, and any other accessible parts of the action. Pay special attention to the areas where the bolt slides, as these are high-friction areas where dirt and grime can accumulate.
Use a toothbrush or small brush to clean the hard-to-reach areas. This will help to dislodge any stubborn deposits.
Wipe all cleaned components with a clean, dry rag. This ensures that any residual solvent is removed.
Lubrication: The Key to Friction-Free Function
Once the cleaning is completed, the next step is lubrication. This helps to reduce friction, prevent wear, and protect the metal parts from corrosion.
Apply a light coat of gun oil or lubricant to the bolt, lever, and other moving parts. Be sure to thoroughly lubricate any areas where the components slide against each other.
Use a clean rag to wipe off any excess oil. This prevents the accumulation of dust and debris.
If you are using gun grease, apply it sparingly to the high-wear areas, like the bolt rails.
If you disassembled the rifle, carefully reassemble it. Follow the reverse order of disassembly. Make sure all parts are properly seated.
Test the rifle’s function after reassembly. Cycle the action several times to ensure it operates smoothly and reliably.
Cleaning the Exterior: Protecting the Finish
While the internal components are the priority, the exterior of your rifle also requires attention. Cleaning the stock and metal finish not only improves the appearance but also protects against the elements.
Use a clean cloth and a mild cleaner to wipe down the stock. Remove any dirt, grime, or fingerprints. Avoid using harsh chemicals that could damage the finish.
For the metal surfaces, apply a light coat of gun oil. This provides a barrier against rust and corrosion. Be especially attentive to the areas that are prone to moisture.
Final Inspection and Maintenance: Ensuring Readiness
Before putting your rifle away, it’s important to perform a final inspection. After you have finished cleaning a lever action rifle, take these steps to make sure everything is in order:
The first step is to again double-check to make sure the rifle is unloaded. Ensure that the chamber and the magazine are empty.
Inspect the bore and the action for any remaining debris or fouling. If you see any, repeat the cleaning process as needed.
Make sure that all screws are tight. Check all visible screws to ensure they are secure and that there is no risk of loosening during use.
Store the rifle in a safe, dry place. Consider a gun safe or secure storage container. Protect it from extreme temperatures and humidity.
Troubleshooting and Common Issues: Addressing Problems
Despite your best efforts, you may encounter certain issues with your lever action rifle. Understanding common problems will help you diagnose issues and seek appropriate solutions.
Rust is a common enemy of firearms. It can develop when moisture comes into contact with metal. Proper cleaning, lubrication, and storage are the best defenses against rust. If you find rust, address it promptly.
Failure to cycle is a frustrating problem. This can happen when the action is dirty, the springs are worn, or there are ammunition problems. Carefully inspect the action and clean it thoroughly. Replace any worn components.
Inaccuracy can be caused by a number of factors, including a dirty bore, loose sights, or problems with ammunition. Always thoroughly clean the bore and check the sights.
In the case of persistent issues or more complex problems, it’s often best to seek professional help. Consulting a qualified gunsmith can save you time and frustration and prevent further damage.
Remember that consistent care is essential. By making a habit of regular cleaning and maintenance, you can ensure that your lever action rifle functions reliably for many years to come.
Conclusion
Properly cleaning a lever action rifle is an essential part of owning and maintaining your firearm. By gathering the right supplies, following the step-by-step instructions outlined here, and practicing safe gun handling, you can keep your rifle in excellent condition. Regular cleaning is not just about aesthetics; it is fundamental to accuracy, reliability, and the long-term preservation of your firearm. It is a crucial investment in maintaining the historical value of your rifle, while guaranteeing your enjoyment of the sport. Make cleaning a routine, and you’ll keep your rifle performing at its best. Keep your lever action rifle in top condition and ensure its longevity by cleaning it regularly.
