Understanding Brake Fluid and Power Steering Fluid
The Vital Role of Brake Fluid
Brake fluid is the unsung hero of your braking system. Its primary function is to transmit the immense hydraulic pressure generated when you press the brake pedal to the brake calipers, which then squeeze the brake pads against the rotors, bringing your vehicle to a halt.
This fluid is typically composed of either a glycol-ether base or a silicone-based formulation, with each type offering distinct advantages and disadvantages. The specific type is important, because of things like high heat tolerance and the need to not boil under repeated hard braking. Brake fluid must be able to withstand extremely high temperatures, often exceeding those found anywhere else in a car. It must resist boiling, which would compromise braking performance.
Moreover, brake fluid is designed to be non-compressible, ensuring the efficient transfer of pressure. It is also hygroscopic, meaning it readily absorbs moisture from the environment. This property, while beneficial for preventing corrosion within the braking system, also means brake fluid requires regular maintenance, as the absorbed moisture can compromise its performance and accelerate component degradation. Brake fluid is also designed to be corrosive to some paints, requiring caution during handling.
The Purpose of Power Steering Fluid
Power steering fluid, on the other hand, is specifically engineered for the power steering system. Its primary function is to lubricate the power steering pump, rack, and other crucial components, reducing friction and wear. This reduces the effort needed to turn the steering wheel, especially at lower speeds or when parking.
Power steering fluid is usually a hydraulic oil. It is specifically formulated with additives designed to optimize performance within this system. These additives typically include anti-wear agents, corrosion inhibitors, and foam suppressants. The additives extend the life of the parts, and reduce operating noise.
Unlike brake fluid, power steering fluid isn’t primarily concerned with high heat resistance or moisture absorption. Its viscosity and ability to withstand continuous use without breaking down are critical for providing smooth, effortless steering. It must also be compatible with the various seals and materials within the power steering system.
Key Differences: What Sets Them Apart
The core differences between brake fluid and power steering fluid are substantial. Brake fluid prioritizes high-pressure transfer and heat resistance, while power steering fluid emphasizes lubrication, anti-wear properties, and compatibility with specific system components. Brake fluid can damage some seals and is hygroscopic, power steering fluid is often less concerned with those and has additives, not found in brake fluid, to maintain seals and components. Using one in place of the other will result in the destruction of the component, due to the different chemical makeup and the way that the fluids are used in the car.
Why the Question Arises: Potential Reasons for Consideration
Desperation in Emergency Situations
In a truly dire situation, stranded miles from help, the prospect of a temporary “fix” might seem appealing. Perhaps the local auto parts store is closed, and you’re facing an urgent need to drive. The desperate hope of getting the vehicle moving, even for a short distance, may lead some to consider a fluid substitution.
Economic Considerations
The price of power steering fluid might also play a role. Brake fluid is often perceived as a more readily available and, in some cases, less expensive alternative. Faced with a tight budget, the temptation to economize might be strong, leading individuals to experiment with substitutes.
Easy Availability
Brake fluid is readily available at most automotive stores and even general retailers. This ease of access makes it a convenient option for those seeking an immediate solution, especially if they are unfamiliar with the specific needs of their power steering system.
Misinformation and Misunderstanding
The internet is awash with information, some of which is inaccurate or misleading. Myths and misconceptions about the compatibility of brake fluid and power steering fluid can sometimes circulate, leading individuals to believe that using brake fluid is a harmless or even acceptable practice.
The Devastating Dangers of Using Brake Fluid
Seal Destruction
Brake fluid’s chemical composition is vastly different from that of power steering fluid. One of the most significant threats posed by using brake fluid is its incompatibility with the rubber and synthetic seals commonly found within the power steering system.
Brake fluid can cause these seals to swell, shrink, harden, or even disintegrate. This degradation leads to leaks, reduced steering performance, and ultimately, complete system failure. The damage can occur quickly, often within a matter of hours or days of introducing the wrong fluid.
Damage to Core Components
Beyond seal damage, brake fluid can wreak havoc on the internal components of the power steering system, including the pump, rack, and pinion. The lack of appropriate lubrication from brake fluid can lead to increased friction and wear, accelerating the deterioration of these critical parts.
The power steering pump, in particular, is susceptible to damage. The pump relies on proper lubrication to operate efficiently. Brake fluid’s different properties can compromise the pump’s ability to function, resulting in noisy operation, reduced steering assist, and eventual failure.
The rack and pinion assembly, which translates the steering wheel’s movements into wheel direction, is also at risk. The corrosive nature of brake fluid can damage the rack’s internal components and contribute to leaks.
A Risk to Driving Safety
Perhaps the most alarming consequence of using brake fluid in power steering is the potential compromise of driving safety. Reduced steering assist makes the vehicle harder to control, especially at higher speeds or in tight maneuvers. Steering failure can also contribute to the dangers.
The loss of power steering can make even routine driving tasks significantly more difficult, requiring more physical exertion from the driver. This can fatigue the driver quickly, and contribute to the risk of accidents, especially if you are not expecting the change in steering effort.
Debunking the Temporary Fix Myth
Some may believe that brake fluid can work temporarily, but this is incredibly misleading. While the system may seem to function for a brief period, the underlying damage continues to accumulate. Even a short period of exposure to brake fluid can initiate the deterioration of seals and components. The long-term damage can be costly, and require extensive repairs.
What to Do if a Mistake Has Been Made
Immediate Action Required
The first step is to stop driving the vehicle immediately. Prolonged operation with brake fluid in the power steering system will only exacerbate the damage.
Carefully examine the vehicle, paying attention to any visible leaks, unusual noises, or changes in steering behavior.
Proper Remedial Action
The correct procedure involves a thorough flushing of the power steering system. This typically requires removing all traces of the contaminated fluid and replacing it with the proper type of power steering fluid.
The next step is to inspect all the relevant components. Seals, hoses, and the power steering pump must be carefully examined for signs of damage. Damaged parts will need to be replaced to restore the system’s functionality and prevent future issues.
Seeking Professional Assistance
Given the complexities involved in flushing and repairing a power steering system, seeking professional assistance from a qualified mechanic is highly recommended. A skilled technician will have the necessary tools, expertise, and knowledge to correctly diagnose the extent of the damage and perform the necessary repairs.
Alternatives and Proper Solutions
The Correct Choice: Power Steering Fluid
The safest and most effective approach is to use the type of power steering fluid specifically recommended for your vehicle. Consult your owner’s manual or a trusted mechanic for guidance.
Power steering fluid comes in a range of formulations. Knowing the right one is crucial. Different vehicles and their power steering systems require specific types of fluids to perform correctly.
Temporary Alternatives: Consider With Extreme Caution
There are very few situations where another fluid might be appropriate in an emergency. However, these are extremely rare cases.
**Important note:** If you find yourself in a situation where you are without the proper power steering fluid, and your vehicle has a leak that needs immediate help to get you out of a dangerous situation, *then* you might consider a fluid in the system, after adding some power steering fluid to it.
Emphasizing the Importance of Maintenance
To ensure the smooth and reliable operation of your vehicle’s power steering system, always prioritize proper maintenance practices.
Regularly check the power steering fluid level and condition. Top off the fluid as needed, and replace the fluid according to the manufacturer’s recommendations.
Be vigilant for any signs of leaks, unusual noises, or changes in steering performance. Address any issues promptly to prevent further damage.
Always use the correct type of power steering fluid, as specified in your owner’s manual. Never substitute other fluids.
Final Thoughts
Can brake fluid be used in power steering? Absolutely not. The dangers of using brake fluid in your power steering system are far too great to risk. Avoid the temptation of a quick fix that can lead to costly repairs and, more importantly, jeopardize your safety. Always choose the correct power steering fluid and seek professional help if you are uncertain. Proper vehicle maintenance is the cornerstone of safe and reliable driving. When in doubt, always prioritize your safety and consult a qualified mechanic.
