Introduction
The echoes of the American Civil War still resonate, and the 1863 Sharps Rifle stands as a potent symbol of that era. Beyond its historical significance, the Sharps Rifle possessed a groundbreaking design that revolutionized battlefield tactics and influenced firearm development for decades. For enthusiasts of history, firearms collectors, and anyone interested in the past, the chance to build an authentic replica presents an unparalleled experience. The *1863 Sharps Rifle Kit* provides such an opportunity, allowing you to connect with history in a tangible and deeply satisfying way. This article is designed to be a comprehensive guide, covering the history, components, assembly process, and essential considerations for anyone interested in constructing their own piece of history.
Historical Background of the 1863 Sharps Rifle
The Sharps Rifle’s story is a fascinating testament to innovation and ingenuity. Designed by Christian Sharps, the rifle distinguished itself through its breech-loading mechanism, a significant departure from the muzzle-loading rifles of the time. This unique feature enabled soldiers to reload significantly faster, making the Sharps Rifle a formidable weapon on the battlefield. Beyond its breech-loading action, the Sharps Rifle was renowned for its exceptional accuracy, a crucial advantage in combat. Its metallic cartridge design further enhanced its performance, making it a reliable and effective tool for both soldiers and civilians.
Its adoption during the Civil War cemented the Sharps Rifle’s place in history. Sharps rifles, in various models, were widely used by Union troops, particularly by elite units such as the famed Berdan’s Sharpshooters. These highly skilled marksmen, equipped with the Sharps Rifle, played a pivotal role in battles, often engaging in sharpshooting and skirmishes at significant distances. The rifle’s effectiveness contributed to its popularity, leading to widespread use by infantry and cavalry units. The influence of the *1863 Sharps Rifle Kit* extends far beyond the battlefield, becoming synonymous with a pivotal moment in American history.
Overview of the 1863 Sharps Rifle Kit Components
Before diving into the assembly, it’s essential to become familiar with the components of a typical *1863 Sharps Rifle Kit*. Kits can vary slightly depending on the manufacturer, but generally include a core set of parts designed to replicate an authentic rifle.
The Receiver
The foundation of the rifle is the receiver, also known as the frame. This is typically made of steel and forms the structural backbone of the rifle, housing the internal mechanisms.
The Barrel
The barrel, usually made from steel, is the tube through which the bullet travels. The quality of the barrel significantly impacts the rifle’s accuracy. Kits provide pre-made barrels.
Stock and Forend
The stock and forend, most often crafted from walnut or other hardwoods, provide the grip and support for the shooter. These parts are often pre-shaped but require some fitting and finishing during the assembly process.
Trigger Mechanism
The trigger mechanism, the firing pin, and various springs and pins are crucial elements that translate the pull of the trigger into the firing of a round. These components need careful installation and precise adjustment for proper functionality.
Breech Block and Lever System
The breech block and lever system is the signature feature of the Sharps Rifle. This mechanism is responsible for opening and closing the breech to load and unload the ammunition. Careful assembly and adjustment of these parts are crucial for reliable operation.
Sights
Sights, both front and rear, allow the shooter to aim accurately. Authentic kits will include replicas of the original sights, which may need some adjustment during assembly.
Hardware
Numerous small hardware pieces, including screws, pins, and other fasteners, are essential for holding the various components together. These components are usually made of steel and must be properly installed to ensure the rifle’s structural integrity.
While some kits offer everything needed, some kits might not include certain accessories, which can be sourced separately, such as a bayonet, sling, or cleaning tools.
Step-by-Step Assembly Guide
Assembling a *1863 Sharps Rifle Kit* is a rewarding, but time-consuming process. Before you begin, always prioritize safety. Working with any firearm, even an incomplete kit, requires a cautious approach. Always wear eye protection to shield your eyes from potential debris. Find a workspace that is well-lit, organized, and free from distractions. Ensure you have enough space to work comfortably. Before diving into the detailed steps, review all of the kit’s components. Make sure you understand how they fit together.
Before commencing, you must gather the appropriate tools. These tools can vary from kit to kit but generally include screwdrivers of various sizes, including slotted and Phillips head, for the screws. A wrench, or set of wrenches, is also necessary. Files, both flat and round, will be needed to remove the excess material. A hammer and some punches will be required to drive pins and remove hardware. A vise can be useful to hold components securely while you work on them.
Attaching the Barrel to the Receiver
Begin by attaching the barrel to the receiver. The method varies depending on the specific kit design, but this usually involves threading the barrel into the receiver or securing it with pins or screws. Be sure to follow the manufacturer’s instructions closely and ensure a tight, secure fit.
Assembling the Trigger Mechanism and Firing Pin
Next, assemble the trigger mechanism and the firing pin. This requires carefully installing springs, pins, and other small components. Pay close attention to the orientation of each part, and ensure that the trigger mechanism functions smoothly.
Installing the Breech Block and Lever
The breech block and lever are the heart of the rifle’s operation. This step involves installing these components into the receiver and ensuring that the lever operates correctly to open and close the breech. This mechanism is critical for safe operation.
Fitting the Stock and Forend
Now, carefully fit the stock and forend to the receiver. This may involve some sanding or filing to achieve a proper fit. Ensure that the stock and forend are securely attached and aligned correctly.
Mounting the Sights
Mount the sights, aligning them precisely for accurate aiming. This may involve adjusting the sights for windage and elevation. The front and rear sights need to align perfectly for the best results.
Hardware Installation and Adjustment
Finally, install the remaining hardware, ensuring all screws and pins are tight and secure. During this process, you may want to apply thread locker or adhesive to prevent screws from loosening over time.
Throughout the assembly process, take your time and do not rush. Careful attention to detail will result in a fully functional and historically accurate rifle. If you encounter a problem, consult the kit’s instructions, search online resources, or seek assistance from experienced builders.
Finishing and Customization
The finishing stage provides an opportunity to enhance the appearance and protect your rifle. The application of a finish is essential to provide protection from corrosion. Bluing involves a chemical process that creates a protective layer on the metal surfaces. Oiling, using a quality gun oil, can help to preserve and protect the wood components. Staining can be used to alter the color of the wood to match historical examples or to achieve a desired aesthetic. Before applying any finish, thoroughly clean and degrease all the components.
Some people choose to customize their rifles. Engraving can add a personalized touch. You can replace or modify the stock for a different look or adjust the sights. Historical accuracy must be considered when doing this.
Maintenance and Care
Proper maintenance and care are crucial for preserving the *1863 Sharps Rifle Kit*.
Cleaning
Regular cleaning is essential. Remove any dirt, residue, and carbon buildup after each use. Use a proper bore cleaner and a cleaning rod, patches, and brushes designed for firearms. Ensure all parts are free of debris before storing.
Lubrication
Proper lubrication is important. Lubricate the trigger mechanism, the breech block, and other moving parts with a quality gun oil. Make sure to apply the lubricant sparingly and wipe away any excess.
Storage
If storing your rifle for an extended period, store it in a cool, dry place, away from extreme temperatures and humidity. The Sharps Rifle should be stored unloaded, with the action open or the breech block retracted. Consider applying a protective coating like wax or preservative oil to metal parts to prevent corrosion.
Legal and Safety Considerations
Adhere to local and federal firearm laws when owning a *1863 Sharps Rifle Kit*. Always handle the rifle responsibly and safely. Never point it at anything you are not prepared to destroy.
If you plan to fire your rifle, know the range and beyond and what’s behind it. Shooting any firearm requires a respect for safety.
Where to Buy an 1863 Sharps Rifle Kit
To start your journey, you will need to find a reliable vendor. When selecting your *1863 Sharps Rifle Kit*, consider the reputation and experience of the supplier. Evaluate the quality of the components and the accuracy of their design. The kit’s price may vary widely. Select a kit that aligns with your skill level and budget.
Several reputable vendors specialize in selling *1863 Sharps Rifle Kit* kits. Research and compare options before making a purchase. Some offer complete kits, while others provide partial kits, allowing for more customization. Online forums and reviews from other builders can provide valuable insights into the quality and accuracy of different kits.
Conclusion
Assembling the *1863 Sharps Rifle Kit* is more than just a hobby; it is an opportunity to connect with the past. It is a step into the shoes of a craftsman, an engineer, and a historian. It takes you through the steps of construction to a final product that is a conversation starter, a piece of functional art, and a fascinating example of engineering.
This experience allows a deeper appreciation of the ingenuity of the era and the dedication of the soldiers who relied on these rifles. You’ll gain a hands-on understanding of its design and operation.
The process provides a sense of accomplishment. You will gain skills in handling tools, following instructions, and problem-solving, improving your understanding of mechanics and firearm design.
For those looking to explore the world of historical firearms, the *1863 Sharps Rifle Kit* is a good entry point into a world of historical exploration.
This guide has provided a comprehensive overview of the *1863 Sharps Rifle Kit*, from its historical context to the final steps of its construction. The journey will be a rewarding one.
Resources
Websites dedicated to historical firearms
Books on the American Civil War and weaponry
Online forums with experienced builders
Gunsmithing courses, if desired
