Understanding the Basics
Different Designs
You’ll encounter a few primary designs when exploring double barrel shotguns. Side-by-Side shotguns, often called “SxS,” are the most iconic. The barrels sit horizontally, side by side, offering a classic profile. Over-Under shotguns, or “O/U,” feature barrels stacked one above the other. Less commonly found, but still significant, are the variations on these basic patterns. These design differences can provide initial clues to a shotgun’s age and origin.
Key Terms
Understanding the language used to describe these firearms is paramount.
- Gauge: This refers to the size of the shotgun bore, typically expressed as a numerical designation like “12 gauge” or “20 gauge.” Lower gauge numbers indicate a larger bore size.
- Choke: Chokes are constrictions at the muzzle that control the spread of the shot. Different chokes, such as full, modified, or cylinder, affect how tightly or widely the pellets disperse.
- Action Types: The mechanism that loads, fires, and extracts spent shells is crucial. Common action types include hammer, hammerless, boxlock, and sidelock. Each type has its own visual characteristics and historical significance.
- Serial Number: Unique identifiers stamped onto the firearm that can often help determine the manufacturer and date of production.
- Proof Marks: Government or industry-stamped markings that indicate the firearm has been tested and meets certain safety standards.
The Importance of Terminology
Being familiar with this terminology helps you interpret the information found on your shotgun. It allows you to ask informed questions, navigate online resources, and understand the significance of various features. This knowledge acts as the foundation for more in-depth examination.
Examining the Physical Details
The physical characteristics of a double barrel shotgun reveal much about its age, origin, and quality. Careful observation and attention to detail are your best allies during this stage.
The Receiver
The receiver, or the frame of the shotgun, provides the structural backbone and houses the firing mechanism. The shape, design, and materials of the receiver offer key clues. Boxlock receivers are generally simpler and often associated with more affordable or utilitarian shotguns. Sidelock receivers, on the other hand, feature the internal mechanisms housed within sideplates, often indicating a higher-quality firearm with intricate craftsmanship. The materials used, such as steel or Damascus steel, also impact the shotgun’s value.
The Barrels
The barrels are arguably the most prominent feature. Pay close attention to their length, configuration, and condition. Barrel lengths vary greatly, and a longer barrel might indicate a hunting piece, while a shorter barrel could denote a game or personal defense weapon. The presence of choke markings (e.g., “Full,” “Mod,” or “Imp Cyl”) indicates the intended shot spread. The material the barrel is made of is vital. Damascus barrels, while visually striking, were produced using a twisting process. These barrels, while common in older shotguns, are often less safe to fire with modern ammunition.
The Stock and Fore-end
The stock, which is the part of the shotgun held against the shoulder, and the fore-end, located under the barrels, can reveal much about the gun. Wood type, finish, and style are all important. High-quality shotguns typically feature walnut stocks. The fore-end should match the style of the shotgun. Condition is key; look for signs of wear, repairs, or replacements, as these may impact its value.
Inspecting Markings and Stamps
Markings and stamps are like the fingerprints of your double barrel shotgun. They provide crucial information about its maker, origin, date of production, and proof of safety.
Serial Numbers
The serial number is a unique identifier that can unlock the secrets of your shotgun. It is usually stamped on the receiver or the underside of the barrels. Researching the manufacturer’s serial number records can help pinpoint the date of manufacture. Many manufacturers kept detailed records of their production runs.
Proof Marks
These marks indicate that the firearm has undergone testing to ensure it meets certain safety standards. Various proof marks are used, with the system of marking, design, and often even what is stamped, revealing the country of origin, and when the tests were performed. Common examples include British, Belgian, and German proof marks. Learning to decode these marks is a fundamental part of identifying a double barrel shotgun.
Maker’s Marks and Engravings
The maker’s name, address, and other markings are often found on the barrel, receiver, or fore-end. Elaborate engravings are indicative of the gun’s value. Researching the manufacturer can provide vital clues to the shotgun’s origin, age, and overall quality. Researching the maker’s history can paint a clearer picture of the type of firearm you are looking at.
Research and Resources
Identifying an old double barrel shotgun is, to a great extent, detective work. It involves careful observation, detailed research, and the utilization of a variety of resources.
Online Resources
The internet offers a wealth of information. Websites specializing in antique firearms, gun value guides, and online gun forums are invaluable resources. They contain databases, articles, and, most importantly, communities of enthusiasts who can provide guidance and share expertise.
Consulting Gunsmiths and Experts
Local gunsmiths and firearms experts often have experience with identifying older firearms. Their expertise can be a significant asset. They can provide a professional evaluation, assess the gun’s condition, and offer advice on value and safety.
Books and Publications
Numerous books and publications are dedicated to antique firearms. These resources contain detailed information about manufacturers, production dates, markings, and values.
Determining Age and Value
Putting it all together is what matters. Once you’ve gathered all the information, you’ll have a much clearer picture.
Combining the Evidence
Evaluating your shotgun requires synthesizing all the information you’ve gathered. Consider the type of action, the markings, and the barrel configuration. Look for any inconsistencies.
Factors Affecting Value
Several factors influence the value of a double barrel shotgun:
- Condition: The overall condition of the firearm, from the wood and metal finish to the functionality of the action, is paramount.
- Rarity: Rare shotguns with limited production numbers are usually more valuable.
- Maker and Prestige: Shotguns from renowned manufacturers often command higher prices.
- Originality: Original, unmolested shotguns are more valuable than those that have been altered or repaired.
Understanding the Value
The valuation process is complex. Consulting with a qualified appraiser or researching similar examples online is essential to determining a fair value.
Safety Considerations
Firearms, and especially antique firearms, must be handled with the utmost care and respect. Safety must always be the top priority.
The Dangers of Older Shotguns
Older shotguns may have inherent safety risks. Barrels can be weakened by age, wear, or improper storage. The quality of materials may also degrade over time.
When to Consult a Gunsmith
Always have an experienced gunsmith inspect any antique double barrel shotgun before firing it. A gunsmith can assess the safety of the firearm and identify any potential issues.
Handling and Storage
Store the shotgun unloaded, in a secure location, away from children and untrained individuals. Follow all local, state, and federal regulations regarding firearm ownership.
Conclusion
Identifying old double barrel shotguns is a journey of discovery, a blend of detective work, historical research, and appreciation for craftsmanship. By understanding the fundamentals, examining physical characteristics, inspecting markings, and utilizing available resources, you can unlock the secrets of these iconic firearms. Remember, the value of these shotguns extends beyond monetary worth; it lies in their history, the legacy of craftsmanship, and the stories they have to tell. Embrace the process of research, seek expert advice when needed, and most importantly, handle these treasures with respect, preserving them for future generations to appreciate. Through careful research and dedication, you can identify, appreciate, and protect these historical treasures.
