Understanding Gauge
Gauge Basics
Before we delve into the specifics of each gauge, let’s establish a fundamental understanding of what “gauge” actually means in the context of shotguns. Simply put, gauge refers to the diameter of the shotgun’s bore, the inside measurement of the barrel. It’s a legacy measurement system that stems from the days when shotguns were loaded with lead balls. The gauge designation is based on how many lead balls, each the size of the bore, it would take to equal one pound. So, a 12-gauge shotgun would have a bore diameter such that it takes twelve of those balls to weigh one pound. The smaller the gauge number, the larger the bore diameter, and consequently, the larger the shell and the more powerful the gun (generally). The higher the gauge number, the smaller the bore diameter. This is why a 12 gauge is more powerful than a 20 gauge.
Other Gauges
Other common shotgun gauges include the 10 gauge, often used for waterfowl hunting, and the .410 bore, a smaller gauge known for its light recoil and ease of handling. Each gauge has its own strengths and weaknesses, and choosing the right one is essential for safe and effective shooting.
Eighteen Gauge Shotguns
Eighteen Gauge Characteristics
Let’s begin by examining the relatively less common **18 Gauge vs 20 Gauge** situation, giving the 18 a closer look.
Considering the historical context, the 18 Gauge is relatively rare these days. It has not enjoyed the same popularity or widespread adoption as the more common gauges. This is not to say it is entirely absent from the landscape of firearms.
The major issue is availability.
Eighteen Gauge Ammunition
Examining ammunition, the availability of ammunition is a critical factor when considering any shotgun gauge. In the case of the 18 gauge, finding suitable ammunition can present a challenge. This is especially true when compared to the readily available options for a 20 gauge or a 12 gauge. The variety of shell types, like birdshot, buckshot, and slugs, may be significantly limited. This restriction can affect the potential applications of an 18 gauge firearm, impacting its versatility in different shooting scenarios.
Eighteen Gauge Benefits
The benefits of the 18 Gauge are, if there even are any, are few and far between. The gun and its ammunition are not readily available.
Eighteen Gauge Drawbacks
Unfortunately, the cons for this gauge, are numerous. Finding the correct ammunition is very difficult, especially compared to the more prevalent 20 or 12 gauge. This severely limits the potential applications of an 18 gauge shotgun and often makes it a less practical choice for most shooters.
Twenty Gauge Shotguns
Twenty Gauge Popularity
Now, we switch gears and delve into a much more frequently encountered option: the 20 gauge. This gauge enjoys considerable popularity among both hunters and recreational shooters, and for good reason.
Examining the popularity, the 20 gauge is a favored choice for hunters of upland game birds like pheasant and grouse, and it is often a good choice for those who find a 12 gauge too heavy or the recoil too strong. Its popularity is due to a combination of factors, including its manageable recoil, decent power, and the availability of a wide range of firearms and ammunition.
Twenty Gauge Availability
Availability of various models is also a strong point of the 20 gauge. You’ll find it in a vast array of firearm styles and action types, from pump-action and semi-automatic models to over-under and side-by-side configurations. This diverse selection ensures that shooters can find a 20 gauge shotgun that perfectly suits their needs and preferences.
Twenty Gauge Ammunition
Considering ammunition, the 20 gauge benefits from extensive ammunition choices. There’s a wide variety of shell loads available, offering diverse shot sizes and power levels. From lighter loads suitable for smaller game to heavier options for larger targets, this versatility makes the 20 gauge a suitable choice for a variety of shooting scenarios.
Twenty Gauge Advantages
The pros of the 20 gauge are many. Recoil is a significant advantage, especially for new shooters or those sensitive to recoil. The 20 gauge offers a more comfortable shooting experience compared to the larger 12 gauge. Less felt recoil translates to faster follow-up shots and a more enjoyable day at the range or in the field.
Also, the lighter weight is a benefit. Compared to a typical 12-gauge shotgun, 20-gauge models are often lighter and easier to carry, making them a great choice for those who spend long days in the field. This reduced weight also improves maneuverability, making the firearm easier to handle, especially in close quarters.
Also, the variety of available firearms and ammunition is a compelling selling point. Whether you’re interested in hunting, target shooting, or home defense, there’s likely a 20-gauge shotgun and suitable loads to meet your needs. This versatility contributes to the 20 gauge’s broad appeal.
Twenty Gauge Disadvantages
There are some cons to the 20 gauge. The range and power are generally lower than a 12 gauge, which is a factor. While modern 20-gauge loads are getting better, they don’t typically match the effective range and knockdown power of a 12 gauge, especially when using heavy loads. This might matter when you’re considering larger game or longer shots.
While availability is high, the ammunition cost can also be a potential disadvantage. The prices might be higher than comparable 12-gauge loads, especially for specialty ammunition or specific shell types. This higher cost could factor into your decision.
Comparing the Two Options
Key Differences Summarized
Let’s now directly compare the **18 Gauge vs 20 Gauge** shotguns.
Here is a summary of the key differences:
- Gauge: The 18 gauge has a slightly larger bore diameter than a 20 gauge.
- Recoil: Generally, the 20 gauge offers lower recoil than an 18 gauge.
- Weight of Gun: Shotguns in the 20 gauge are typically lighter than those in the 18 gauge, although this can vary depending on the specific models.
- Ammunition Availability: 20-gauge ammunition is far more readily available than 18 gauge.
- Ammunition Cost: 18 gauge ammunition is likely to be more expensive, if even available.
- Shotgun power: 20 gauge loads and guns offer better knockdown power when compared to the 18 gauge, when shots are taken at the same range.
Performance and Applications
The 20-gauge shotgun will be the better choice in most situations. It combines decent power with manageable recoil, and it offers significantly greater ammunition availability than the less common 18 gauge. The 18 gauge will probably only work in a niche market.
Choosing the Right Gauge for You
Factors to Consider
Selecting the correct gauge is a crucial step in becoming a responsible and effective shotgun owner. There are several factors to consider:
The first is the purpose. How do you plan to use your shotgun? Are you primarily interested in hunting, home defense, or target shooting? Different gauges excel in different roles. For example, if you plan to hunt, the size and type of game you intend to pursue will play a significant role.
Another important factor is the experience level. A novice shooter may appreciate the lighter recoil of a 20 gauge. Those with greater experience may find the added power of a 12 gauge more appealing.
The physical build is also a factor. Strength and size can significantly influence how well you can handle the recoil of a shotgun. If you’re smaller in stature or sensitive to recoil, a lighter gauge such as a 20 gauge might be preferable.
Hunting, as mentioned, is key. What type of game do you plan on hunting? Smaller game like quail and rabbits might be effectively hunted with a 20 gauge, while larger game like deer might require a 12 gauge or even a larger gauge.
Your budget plays a role as well. The cost of the firearm itself, along with the price of ammunition and accessories, should be considered.
Recommendations
For beginners, the 20 gauge is frequently recommended due to its lower recoil and lighter weight. It allows new shooters to develop their skills without being overwhelmed by the kick of a larger gauge.
For hunting, the choice depends on the game. For smaller game, the 20 gauge is a capable and convenient choice. For larger game, you might consider a 12 gauge. It is doubtful that anyone would suggest the 18 gauge.
Conclusion
In the final analysis of **18 Gauge vs 20 Gauge**, the best shotgun gauge depends on your unique needs, your experience level, and your intended use. The 20 gauge emerges as the more practical choice for a broad range of applications. It offers a good balance of power, manageable recoil, and ample ammunition options. The 18 gauge is less frequently encountered and can be difficult to source.
Remember to always prioritize safety. Practice safe gun handling and follow all local laws and regulations. Whether you choose the 18 gauge or the 20 gauge, take the time to research, compare, and, if possible, try out different shotguns before making your final decision.
